ATTENTION TRANSIT RIDERS: We’re working hard to bring NextBus app functionality to the Umo app. Until then, please continue to use NextBus app as needed.

Umo Pass Terms and Privacy Policy

View Terms and Conditions
View Privacy Policy

Umo Pass Terms and Privacy Policy

View Terms and Conditions
View Privacy Policy

Umo Pass – Terms and Conditions

Last Modified: 14th January 2021

The Umo Pass System is owned and operated by Delerrok Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cubic Transportation Systems, Inc. (“Delerrok”, “Cubic” or “We”) and made available to clients (“agencies” or “agency”). Certain services may be provided by Cubic directly or other Cubic owned subsidiaries. These terms and conditions to those services provided under the Umo Pass System umbrella. These terms and conditions are provided to assist you in using the Umo Pass System including but not limited to the Umo Pass Reader, the Umo Pass Mobile Reader App, Umo Pass Card, the Umo Pass Fare Collection/Inspection App, UmoPass.com, a Umo Pass Account, a Umo Pass Paper Token and the Umo Pass Mobile App (collectively, “Umo Pass”). These terms and conditions, in addition to any applicable order forms and supplemental information, constitute your Agreement (“Agreement”). Your use of Umo Pass will constitute acceptance of these terms and conditions. Failure to comply with this Agreement may result in the termination of your ability to use Umo Pass. Please read this Agreement carefully.

For information regarding fare policies of participating Umo Pass transit agencies, visit their websites. Transit fares are subject to change in accordance with participating transit agency fare policies.

1. Using Umo Pass

To use Umo Pass for transit, you must have a Umo Pass Account and one of the following:

  • A Umo Pass Card,
  • A mobile device that is capable of downloading, storing and operating the Umo App , or
  • A printed Umo Pass Paper Token
  • An identification card (or other electronic device issued by a third party (“ID Card”) and authorized for use in Umo Pass by an agency

To travel using Umo Pass, present a valid Umo Pass Card, Umo Pass Paper Token, a mobile device with the Umo App, or an authorized ID Card to the lower portion of the Umo Pass Reader and wait for the “Go” message and sound before entering. Your transit fare will be paid using the Stored Value or pass products (collectively, “Fare Products”) that you have added to your Umo Pass Account and that are accepted by your agency or, if applicable, any transfer rights you may have accrued.

IMPORTANT: You must place your Umo Pass Card or mobile device near the Umo Pass Reader by itself, without any other Umo Pass Card, Umo Pass Paper Token or mobile device near it. This will ensure that only the Umo Pass Account associated with the Umo Pass Card, Umo Pass Paper Token or mobile device you intend to use is charged. You may need to remove your Umo Pass Card from your wallet or purse to ensure that any other electronic cards and objects in the wallet or purse don’t interfere with the transaction.

Participating transit agencies are not responsible if your fare is charged using a Umo Pass Card, Umo Pass Paper Token or mobile device with the Umo App that you did not intend to use or due to your failure to properly adhere to these terms and conditions of use or other posted instructions.

For more information about using Umo Pass, please visit www.touchpass.com

2. Setting Up a Umo Pass Account

An unregistered Umo Pass Account is automatically set up when you purchase a Umo Pass Card or Umo Pass Paper Token. The Umo Pass Card and Umo Pass Paper Token may then be used for travel and will automatically access the Fare Product in the associated Umo Pass Account to pay fares.

Unregistered Accounts
If a Umo Pass Account is not registered, you forfeit any Stored Value balance, trips, and passes (collectively, “Fare Products”) you may have purchased as well as any transfer rights you may have accrued in the event your Umo Pass Card or Umo Pass Paper Token is lost, stolen, or damaged. You may check your Fare Products via the Umo Pass website, Umo App or at a participating agency’s customer service locations. Unregistered accounts may be loaded with Stored Value and passes at a participating agency’s customer service locations and at designated retail sales locations; however, unregistered Umo Pass accounts are not eligible for Autoload and do not provide a transaction history.

Account Registration
Registration is optional for Umo Pass Card users. Registering a Umo Pass Account will protect the Stored Value, passes and accrued transfer rights in your account in the event that your Umo Pass Card or mobile device is lost, damaged, or stolen. You can register by going online to www.UmoPass.com, using the Umo App or at a participating agency’s customer service location.

Registration is automatic for Umo Pass Cards ordered via the Umo Pass website and for customers using the Umo App.

You may use either a mobile device with the Umo App or a Umo Pass Card to make fare payments from a single, registered Umo Pass Account but not both. If you have a Umo Pass Card and then register your Umo Pass Account with or login using the Umo App, your Umo Pass Card will be automatically disabled and you will no longer be able to use it to make fare payments.

Registration provides the following benefits:

  • Fare product protection
  • Viewing of transaction history
  • Online access to add, view and change any personal information associated with your account
  • Autoload

The following information is required for registration:

  • Email address
  • Password
  • Umo Pass Card number (if you are using a Umo Pass Card to make fare payments)

Optional information for additional account features and benefits:

  • Payment Account
  • Name
  • Phone Number
  • Credit, debit or prepaid debit card information

Umo Pass Account registration is mandatory for participation in special fare programs that offer discounted fares or Fare Products. Visit participating transit agency websites for more information and to enroll in those programs.

3. Loading a Umo Pass Account with Fare Product

A Umo Pass Account can be loaded with Fare Products via the following methods:

  • At www.touchpass.com
  • Using the Umo App
  • At participating agency customer service locations
  • At participating retail locations
  • Using Autoload

You choose the types of Fare Products that best fit the way you use transit.

To get the best fare value for your travel and receive applicable transfer rights, you must pre-purchase and use Fare Products.

Stored Value
Stored Value is value that can be used to pay fares on a participating transit agency’s system. When you purchase Stored Value, it is loaded into your Umo Pass Account. When you use Stored Value to travel, you are paying for your fares per ride and your fare for travel will be deducted from your account’s Stored Value when you use a Umo Pass Reader.

If a Umo Pass Account’s Stored Value balance is insufficient to pay for transit and you do not have another valid fare product, travel may be allowed provided that your Stored Value balance after deducting the current fare is equal to or greater than the agency’s minimum allowed balance, which may be a negative number. If deduction of the current fare will cause your balance to be below the minimum allowed, travel will be denied.

You are liable for all outstanding amounts due. We reserve the right to use any reasonable means necessary to collect any outstanding balances.

Each participating agency may set minimum and maximum amounts of Stored Value that can be purchased as well as a maximum amount that can be held in a single Umo Pass Account. These limits will be displayed when you use Umo Pass.com and the Umo App. Each participating agency may also decide not to offer Stored Value as an option for purchase or for use in making fare payments within its system.

Checking Your Umo Pass Account’s Stored Value Balance
You can check your registered Umo Pass Account’s Stored Value balance in the following ways:

  • At www.touchpass.com
  • Using the Umo App
  • At participating agency customer service locations

Additionally, your Stored Value balance will be included on the Umo Pass Reader display when you use Stored Value to pay your fare.

Your Stored Value balance may not always reflect your most recent transactions.

NOTE: If you are a registered Umo Pass Account holder, Umo Pass may send you e-mail notifications regarding account issues, including but not limited to the following:

  • Pending Umo Pass Card expiration dates
  • Problems with the payment accounts you provided
  • Account dormancy

Passes
Participating agencies may offer a variety of different types of transit passes:

Time-based Passes
Time-based passes are valid for unlimited rides for a period of time starting with first use or from the date of purchase, depending on the participating agency’s rules.

Example: A 30-Day pass may be valid until the end of the 30th day from the date of first use.

Calendar-based Passes
Calendar-based passes are valid for unlimited rides for a predetermined period of time starting with a specific date and time.

Example: An October 2021 Monthly Pass may be valid from October 1, 2021 12:00 am through October 31, 2021 11:59 pm.

Trip-based Passes
Trip-based passes are valid for a designated number of rides for a specified period of time. Depending on the participating agency’s rules, you may also be eligible for free or discounted transfers when you use this type of pass.

Example: A 20-Trip pass may be valid for 20 rides for up to 12 months from the date of purchase.

Autoload
Autoload is an optional service that will add to your Umo Pass Account Stored Value when your balance gets low or an eligible pass when that pass is nearing its expiration or gets low on trips. To use Autoload, your Umo Pass Account must be registered.

Stored Value Autoload: To Autoload Stored Value, you must select an amount to Autoload into your account at www.touchpass.com using the Umo App or through a participating agency’s customer service location. By selecting Stored Value Autoload, you authorize a charge to your payment account for the Stored Value amount you have selected each time your Stored Value balance falls below the amount determined by the agency offering that Stored Value. Once you have selected Stored Value Autoload, these purchases will continue as long as you continue to use the Stored Value in your Umo Pass Account or until you cancel Stored Value Autoload.

Time-based and Calendar-based Pass Autoload: To Autoload an eligible time-based or calendar-based pass, you must select a pass that you previously purchased. You can make this selection using www.touchpass.com or the Umo App or at a participating agency’s customer service location. By selecting Autoload, you authorize a charge to your payment account for the cost of the pass on the expiration of your current pass. The agency that issues the pass determines whether or not that pass is eligible for Autoload. Once you have selected Pass Autoload for a time-based or calendar-based pass, these purchases will continue as long as you continue to use your Umo Pass Account or until you cancel Pass Autoload.

Trip-based Pass Autoload: To Autoload a trip-based pass, your Umo Pass Account must be registered and you must select a pass that you previously purchased. You can make this selection using www.touchpass.com or the Umo App or at a participating agency’s customer service location. By selecting Autoload, you authorize a charge to your payment account for the cost of the pass when the last trip associated with your current pass is used. The agency that issues the pass determines whether or not a pass is eligible for Autoload. Once you have selected Pass Autoload for a trip-based pass, these purchases will continue as long as you continue to use your Umo Pass Account or until you cancel Pass Autoload.

Autoload Payment Timing
Your payment source is charged for an Autoload payment at the time that fare product is added to your Account by the Autoload service.

If your Umo Pass Account cannot be Autoloaded for any reason during the Autoload process, your Autoload service will be blocked from future use. The Stored Value and passes will not be loaded into your Umo Pass Account. You will need to use www.touchpass.com, the Umo App or visit a participating agency’s customer service location to resolve the issue.

Changing and Canceling Umo Pass Autoload
Your Autoload selection may be changed or canceled at any time online at www.touchpass.com, by using the Umo App, or at a participating agency’s customer service location. If you cancel Autoload, the remaining Fare Products in your Umo Pass Account will continue to be available for payment of fares on participating transit agency systems.

Fare Capping
Fare Capping is a term used to refer to a method of processing fares where maximum limits (“fare caps”) are set on the stored value fares that will be assessed to a passenger during certain time periods that are selected by an agency. Once fares paid by the passenger reach a fare cap, no additional fares are assessed for the remainder of the time period. For example, an agency may set a fare cap of $6.00 for one service day (e.g. midnight to midnight) with individual fares of $2.50 per ride. For the first and second rides in the same service day, the passenger’s Umo Pass Account would be assessed $2.50. For the third ride in the same service day, only $1.00 would be assessed to the Account, bringing the total fares to $6.00, equaling the fare cap. For any additional rides in the same service day, no fare would be assessed.

Fare caps can be set for one service day, one calendar week, one calendar month or for a Journey, a period of time measured in minutes (e.g. 90) from the beginning of the first ride. The number, duration, prices and rules for participating in a fare capping program are determined by each agency using the Umo Pass System.

4. Umo Pass Fare Payment Methods

Umo Pass will automatically determine which Fare Product(s) to use whenever you use a participating agency’s system.

A Umo Pass Account may contain Stored Value and any number of passes from one or more participating agencies. When you travel and pay your fare, the Umo Pass system will determine what types of Fare Products and transfer rights are available in your account and which of those can be applied to your current trip.

In the event your Umo Pass Account contains multiple Fare Products and transfer rights that are valid with the agency system you are using, your fare will be paid using Fare Products in the following order

  1. Calendar-based passes
  2. Time-based passes
  3. Free or discounted transfer rights
  4. Trip-based passes
  5. Stored Value

If there are no valid Fare Products or transfer rights in your Umo Pass Account and a fare is due, you fare payment will be denied and you may not be allowed to travel.

Discounted Transfers Fares
If a ride is eligible for a discounted transfer fare, the transfer fare will be automatically calculated and deducted from your Umo Pass Account when you use the Umo Pass Reader when boarding the next vehicle. If a ride is eligible for a free transfer and you have accrued one or more transfer rights, one accrued transfer right will be deducted when you use the Umo Pass Reader.

5. Ineligible Accounts

Blocked Umo Pass Accounts, Umo Pass Cards, and Mobile devices
In certain circumstances, your Umo Pass Account, Umo Pass Card, Umo Pass Paper Token or Umo App on your mobile device may be blocked or placed on hold. Your Umo Pass Account will be permanently blocked in the event of fraud, misuse, or if you request that the account be closed.

The Umo Pass Card, Umo Pass Paper Token or Umo App linked to your Umo Pass Account will be blocked under the following circumstances:

  • Permanent block
    • You report that your Umo Pass Card or mobile device with the Umo App is lost or stolen
    • Your Umo Pass Account is closed
  • Temporary block
    • Stored Value balance reaches or exceeds the maximum negative amount allowed by a participating agency’s policies
    • If the provider of your payment account rejects or returns the payment for a Fare Product that you previously purchased and you have used that Fare Product to pay fares
    • We suspect that your Umo Pass Account is being used fraudulently

You may be able to remove a temporary block by using www.touchpass.com and the Umo App or by calling or visiting a participating agency’s customer service location. Multiple denials of a payment account could result in a disallowance of your ability to use that payment account thereafter.

In certain circumstances, a fare payment may be approved by a Umo Pass Reader when your Umo Pass Account does not have sufficient Fare Product to satisfy the fare. In such circumstances your Umo Pass Account will have a negative Stored Value balance, even if the participating agency does not generally accept Stored Value for fare payments. The next time that you purchase Fare Product, using www.touchpass.com, the Umo App, or any other means, that negative amount will be added to the price of the Fare Product(s) you are purchasing and credited to your Umo Pass Account stored value balance. Once paid, any temporary block that was added to your account because of the negative balance will automatically be removed.

Each Umo Pass Card and Umo Pass Paper Token has an expiration date. After its expiration date, a Umo Pass Card and Umo Pass Paper Token may not be used.

6. Lost or Stolen Umo Pass Cards and Mobile Devices

Visit www.touchpass.com use the Umo App or call or visit a participating agency’s customer service location immediately to report that your Umo Pass Card or mobile device with the Umo App is lost, stolen, or damaged. If you have registered your Umo Pass Account, the Stored Value balance, passes and transfer rights in your Umo Pass Account are protected after you report the loss or damage to us or your agency.

Once you notify us that your Umo Pass Card or mobile device is lost or stolen, Umo Pass will block the use of that Umo Pass Card or Umo App on the lost mobile device in all participating agency systems. After the Umo Pass Card or Umo App on a mobile device is blocked, it can no longer be used for travel. You must use www.touchpass.com, the Umo App or visit a participating agency’s customer service location to link a new Umo Pass Card or mobile device to your Umo Pass Account in order to use any remaining Fare Products. Your Umo Pass Account will be charged for rides taken until Umo Pass is notified that a linked Umo Pass Card or mobile device is lost or stolen. Registered account holders will not be responsible for unauthorized use of a lost or stolen Umo Pass Card or mobile device after reporting the loss to us or your agency.

You are responsible for notifying your mobile network operator regarding lost or stolen mobile devices.

7. Umo Pass Cards

Umo Pass Cards access a Umo Pass Account each time they are used. Visit www.touchpass.com or visit one of your transit agency’s customer service location for more information about Umo Pass Cards.

How to get a Umo Pass Card
You can get a Umo Pass Card:

  • At participating agency customer service locations
  • At participating retail locations

Your Umo Pass Card will access your Umo Pass Account when you pay fares on participating transit agencies. You must complete registration of the Umo Pass Account associated with your Umo Pass Card if you want account protection or access to transaction history.

Umo Pass Card Cost
Participating agencies may assess a fee for the purchase or replacement of a Umo Pass Card. See the participating transit agencies’ websites for information about such fees.

Important Things to Remember About Your Umo Pass Card

  • Do not insert your Umo Pass Card into any fare equipment. This will damage your Umo Pass Card.
  • Do not punch holes in your Umo Pass Card.
  • Do not bend, twist, or fold your Umo Pass Card.
  • Users must present their Umo Pass Card for inspection by authorized representatives of participating transit agencies’ security or law enforcement personnel upon request.
  • If your Umo Pass Card is damaged and can’t be used with the Umo Pass Reader, you will need to obtain a replacement card.
  • Umo Pass Cards may be confiscated for misuse.

Special Fare Program Umo Pass Cards
A personalized Umo Pass Card may be required for certain special fare programs. See the participating transit agencies’ websites for information regarding qualifying for a special fare program and obtaining a personalized Umo Pass Card.

Special fare program Umo Pass Cards must be used with the Umo Pass Reader each time you board a bus or other transit vehicle. You may be asked to show your Umo Pass Card to the bus driver, a fare inspector or conductor. If applicable to your program, you may purchase discounted Fare Product for your Umo Pass Account or pay a discounted fare.

Expiring Umo Pass Card Replacement
Umo Pass Cards expire after approximately five (5) years. You may check the expiration date for your Umo Pass Card on the back of your Umo Pass Card, at www.touchpass.com or by calling or visiting a participating agency’s customer service location.

If you have registered your Umo Pass Account and provided an email address, Umo Pass will send you an email prior to your Umo Pass Card’s expiration date to inform you that your Umo Pass Card will be expiring. You will be required to get a new replacement Umo Pass Card and pay the Umo Pass Card fee.

Once you receive your new Umo Pass Card, you must link it to your Umo Pass Account at www.touchpass.com or by calling or visiting a participating agency’s customer service location. Once you link your new Umo Pass Card to your account, your old Umo Pass Card can no longer be used for travel. If it is in your possession, you should destroy your old Umo Pass Card to prevent any unauthorized usage.

Defective Umo Pass Cards
A Umo Pass Card is considered defective if a Umo Pass Reader is unable to read the Umo Pass Card at any time within 10 business days of the date of issue. If you receive a defective Umo Pass Card, contact a participating agency’s customer service location. If a Umo Pass Card is found to be defective, it will be replaced at no cost, provided that the defect(s) were not caused by misuse or improper handling on your part.

8. Umo App And Umo Pass

Umo Pass offers additional flexibility when paying your fare. You do not have to buy a Umo Pass Card to travel on participating transit agencies but may elect instead to use Umo App, the Umo App. The Umo App is a software application that is downloaded to and used on certain eligible smartphones and other mobile devices.

To pay for your ride(s) on participating transit agencies, you can present a mobile device with the Umo App to a Umo Pass Reader. There are two different types of mobile payment technologies that may apply:

  1. Near Field Communication (NFC). Certain mobile devices use short range, radio waves that are compliant with the Near Field Communication (NFC) international standard. The use of NFC mobile devices on Umo Pass is subject to the restrictions of the mobile device manufacturer and your mobile network.
  2. QR Code. A QR Code is a two-dimensional bar code that can be displayed on most smartphones and other advanced mobile devices.

If you have a compatible mobile device, you have the option of using it in place of a Umo Pass Card or Umo Pass Paper Token for travel. To use the Umo App, you must download it to your mobile device, create a Umo Pass Account and purchase Fare Product(s). Your Umo Pass Account will be accessed each time you pay a fare using the Umo App on your mobile device.

Lost, Stolen, or Damaged Umo Pass-Linked Mobile Devices
See the Umo Pass Account section if your Umo Pass-linked mobile device is lost, stolen, or damaged.

9. Umo Pass Paper Tokens

A Umo Pass Paper Token is a printed ticket that is valid for a limited number of trips. Depending on the policies of the participating agency that is providing those trips, a Umo Pass Paper Token may also be valid for one or more transfers. A Umo Pass Paper Token includes the printed image of a two-dimensional barcode that is read by the Umo Pass Reader. Folding, bending, twisting or punching holes in the Paper Token may damage it and make the barcode unreadable. Damaged Paper Tokens that cannot be read by the Umo Pass Reader are null and void, cannot be used for travel and are not eligible for refund or replacement.

10. Moovit

As part of the Services, you may choose to use trip planning and other product features and functionalities provided by Moovit.

The Moovit services are governed by their own terms of use available at moovitapp.com/en-us/legal/terms-of-service-en.

You agree that in connection with the Moovit services, Moovit may access, collect, store, analyze, process, display, transfer, cross-border transfer and use your data in order to provide and operate the Moovit Services accessed through the App and in order to (i) develop, improve and customize any and all services and offering available through any Moovit services, including such services’ accuracy and interface; (ii) allow Moovit and/or its third party service providers, to the extent permitted by law, use, transact in and/or disclose aggregate, nonpersonally identifiable and (iii) to comply with any applicable law or regulation. Moovit’s services are also subject to Moovit’s privacy policy available at https://moovitapp.com/en-us/legal/privacy-policy-en/,

THE MOOVIT SERVICES ARE PROVIDED BY MOOVIT “AS IS” AND “WHERE AVAILABLE”, AND MOOVIT AND/OR ITS AFFILIATES MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THE SAME. MOOVIT AND/OR ITS AFFILIATES MAKES NO GUARANTEES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, TRUTHFULNESS, COMPLETENESS, OR RELIABILITY OF ANY DATA OR INFORMATION OBTAINED OR PROVIDED THROUGH THE MOOVIT SERVICES,. MOOVIT AND/OR ITS AFFILIATES EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, OBLIGATIONS AND LIABILITIES ARISING BY LAW OR OTHERWISE, WITH RESPECT TO THE MOOVIT SERVICE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY: (A) IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE; (B) IMPLIED WARRANTY ARISING FROM COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE; OR (C) IMPLIED WARRANTY OF NONINFRINGEMENT.

IN NO EVENT WILL MOOVIT AND/OR ITS AFFILIATES BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES OR FOR LOSS OF DATA, REVENUE, PROFIT, OR SAVINGS OF ANY PARTY, INCLUDING THIRD PARTIES, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO YOUR USE OF Umo PASS, EVEN IF MOOVIT HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

11. Other Terms

Termination
The participating transit agencies may terminate this agreement at any time and for any reason. Upon such termination, your use of your Umo Pass Account may be blocked.
If you cancel your Umo Pass Account or if your Umo Pass Account is terminated pursuant to these terms, you will remain responsible for any and all fares that are due or become due on your account.

Governing Law
This Agreement shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California.

Privacy Policy
Your use of Umo Pass is subject to Umo Pass’s Privacy Policy. You can read the Privacy Policy at https://umomobility.com/pass/privacy/ or by using the Umo App.

Other service providers and Transit Agencies have their own privacy policies and use of those services is subject to those privacy policies and terms and conditions imposed by the Participating Transit Agency or service provider.

Disclaimer
THE PARTICIPATING TRANSIT AGENCIES EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED OR EXPRESS WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. YOU AGREE TO INDEMNIFY AND HOLD THE PARTICIPATING TRANSIT AGENCIES HARMLESS FROM AND AGAINST ANY AND ALL DAMAGE, LOSS, COSTS, EXPENSE, OR LIABILITIES RELATING TO, ARISING FROM, OR AS A RESULT OF YOUR USE OFUmo PASS.

You agree to pay any costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by Umo Pass to enforce the terms of this Agreement.

Severability
The invalidity of any term or terms of this Agreement shall not affect any other term of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect.

Modification
We reserve the right to change these terms and conditions at any time without advance notice.

Assignment
This Agreement cannot be assigned.

Regulations
Use of Umo Pass is subject to all applicable tariffs, terms, conditions, rules, regulations, policies, and procedures.